The prevertebral space is bounded anteriorly by the prevertebral fascia and posteriorly by the longus colli muscles of the spine. It extends from the cranial base above to the level of the diaphragm. The danger space actually lies between the alar fascia, which forms the posterior border of the retropharyngeal space, and the prevertebral fascia. They are often confused with the retropharyngeal space. There are two other spaces in close proximity to the retropharyngeal space: the danger space and the prevertebral space. Infections of the mouth can spread through this space into the posterior mediastinum. In normal circumstances, the retropharyngeal space is a virtual space and contains the retropharyngeal lymph nodes superiorly as well as some fatty tissue. The retropharyngeal space extends superiorly to the base of the skull and inferiorly to the posterior mediastinum at the level of the tracheal bifurcation. It is not possible to discriminate between these two possibilities based on their radiological appearance. They do enhance, but are not particularly hypervascular.
Lymph nodes are typically found lateral to the vessels, not in between. The carotid artery and internal jugular vein are displaced but look normal. On the left images of a 28-year old female with a nontender mass at the left mandibular angle.Īnatomical contents: carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, sympathetic plexus, lymph nodes (Level 2-4) and congenital remnants of the 2nd branchial cleft. Schwannoma: a rare lesion at this location and we would expect a more solid looking appearance, while this lesion is completely cystic. Paraganglioma: this is a hypervascular lesion and this lesion only has enhancing walls. This lesion however has no calcifications. When we think about the radiological appearance of the four submucosal entities mentioned in the table on the left, we can make the following remarks:Ĭhondrosarcoma: we would expect irregular calcifications as in all malignant cartilage tumors. Squamous cell cancer, which is a mucosal disease, can therefore be dismissed. The lesion is located in the supraglottic larynx in the right paraglottic space and also has an extralaryngeal component, which explains the lump on the right side of the neck.Īt endoscopy a large submucosal swelling on the right was seen in the larynx. This lesion presents as a cystic lesion with sharply defined, enhancing boundaries. White Matter Lesions - Differential diagnosis.
#CAROTID DOPPLER RADIOLOGY HOW TO#
How to Differentiate Carotid Obstructions.TI-RADS - Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System.Esophagus II: Strictures, Acute syndromes, Neoplasms and Vascular impressions.Esophagus I: anatomy, rings, inflammation.Vascular Anomalies of Aorta, Pulmonary and Systemic vessels.Contrast-enhanced MRA of peripheral vessels.Ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System 2.0.Bi-RADS for Mammography and Ultrasound 2013.Transvaginal Ultrasound for Non-Gynaecological Conditions.Acute Abdomen in Gynaecology - Ultrasound.Appendicitis - Pitfalls in US and CT diagnosis.
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